Multivariate theories of experimental substance use cognitiveaffective theories of experimental substance use. The basic premise is that drug use reduces withdrawal. These disorders, which include substance abuseand substance dependence,are the major focus of our study. The specific aims are to articulate the shared and distinctive elements of these four theories, to present and discuss the latest empirical work on substance abuse and addiction that is being. Cognitive models 2 psyc 470 introduction to chemical addictions several models past talked about classical conditioning operant conditioning social learning models this section will discuss cognitive models of addiction 3 psyc 470 introduction to chemical addictions. Treatment of alcohol dependence with psychological approaches 447 where improvement is sought see the box, above. Etiological theories of substance abuse characteristics thomas gouard 2. Drug use is always a co occurring disorder with roots in early childhood trauma and family dysfunction.
Counseling and therapy are essential tools in the recovery process and have been proved to help individuals in recovery. For instance, a math teacher could use real statistics, percents, or probabilities on drugalcohol related issues in example problems. Psychology 470 introduction to chemical additions steven e. By looking at drug addiction from an evolutionary perspective, we may understand its underlying significance and evaluate its threefold nature. Yet another set of psychological theories address human information processing. In this investigation it is important to delve into the coevolution of mammalian brains and ancient psychotropic plants. In this lesson, well look at psychoanalytic theory and addiction and the correlation of. Over the years, psychological principles have contributed to the development of many theories about substance use disorders and addiction.
Theories used to explain male violence against women partners. Models and theories of addiction and the rehabilitation counselor by nora j. However, alcohol dependence, or alcoholism, refers to a disease that is characterized by abnormal alcohol. The psychological science of addiction gifford 2007 addiction. Research suggests that no treatment method is superior, but that social support is very important. Psychosocial factors in alcohol use and alcoholism 181 there is no single, simple explanation for why some individuals develop problems with alcohol. So, use, abuse, and addiction are all based and influenced by the sociocultural system in which one resides. Some of the contributions discussed here include applications of behavioral principles, cognitive and behavioral neuroscience and the. Study 20 terms psychological theories of addiction. Effective substance abuse treatment requires patients to address all underlying causes of addiction. Theories on drug abuse selected contemporary perspectives editors. Evidence based psychosocial interventions in substance use. Such causes are often external to the individual, i. Sociological theories of substance abuse youth substance abuse.
Apr 09, 2016 etiological theories of substance abuse 1. Various theories such as disease or biomedical theory, psychological theories, progression theories, economic theories, symbolic and interaction theory, social control theory, and. Treatment of alcohol dependence with psychological. Others, like freuds theories, have not held up so well and have been mostly replaced by new theories that better explain human development. Elizabeth gifford, program evaluation and resource.
The degree of influence of specific factors may vary among psychiatric disorders. The models used by alcohol and substance abuse facilities do not provide the activities required to correct the issues of alcohol and substance abuse. If an addictive behaviour is being driven powerfully by the need to relieve or blunt emotional distress, then enabling interventions that provide an alternative source. We will discuss each of these different psychological theories in more detail. Each theory has helped contribute to our knowledge base of the human mind and behavior. Some recent research has focused on the impact of these supportive. Models and theories of addiction and the rehabilitation counselor. The first concen trates on the neurobiological effects of drugs, and explains drug dependence in. Theories on drug abuse nida archives national institute on. These disorders or diseases are caused or maintained by a variety of biological, psychological, and culturalsocial factors. Trauma results in hostility to authority and selfdoubt, which can lead to substance abuse. Counselors must create a new disease model within the rehabilitation practice.
Gender, raceethnicity, marital status, college, employment, peer and family influences, individual temperament, and attitudes. Substance use occurs within a social, cultural and psychological context, and harmful substance use frequently occurs within a broader cluster of psychological problems. What follows is a summary of three different areas of explanation. An openness to accept the abuse is also paramount in successfully treating the illness. An english teacher could assign a novel that deals with substance abuse and create assignments where students have to pay attention to the role that. Moral theory alcoholism and drug abuse are caused by lack of willpower or moral degradation.
In order to understand the reasons for adolescent substance abuse behaviour, various theoretical perspectives were utilised and strategies to curb substance use were also identified. For our purposes, sociological theories understand substance abuse as a societal phenomenon, having largely cultural, social, and economic origins or ties. See bachelor of science southern illinois university, 2007 a research paper submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the master of science rehabilitation institute in the graduate school southern illinois university carbondale february 20. Evidence on effectiveness of psychosocial interventions in substance use disorders is available. Lifetime prevalence of substance or alcohol abuse and dependence among subjects with bipolar i and ii disorders in a voluntary registry. Viewing substance abuse addiction as a stand alone disorder is a dangerous approach to this multifaceted disorder. When evaluating how alcoholism develops, twin studies generally support the existence of genetic influences on the development of the disorder. Psychological factors associated with substance use in. Chronic stress, drug use, and vulnerability to addiction. The psychological science of addiction wiley online library. The evolutionary origins and significance of drug addiction. According to american psychological association 1994, as quoted by taggart and colleagues, substance abuse can be defined as the harmful consumption of alcohol, illegal drugs andor overdose of prescribed medicines which are harmful to the persons physical, psychological, interpersonal and social health within a period of 12months taggart, l et al. Substance abuse among male adolescents by irene patience.
Substance abuse alcohol, tobacco and other drugs is associated with a range of physical, psychological, social and occupational problems. Nonetheless, scientist and practitioners generally assume these theories apply in some way to all addictions. Substance use disordersare patterns of maladaptive use of psychoactive substances. The interventions most strongly supported by outcome research recognise this complexity and are fundamentally psychosocial in nature. Psychological factors and substance misuse psychology essay. Biological components of substance abuse and addiction part. His psychoanalytic theory centers around harsh superegos causing substance abuse. Pdf several theories have been developed in order to understand the phenomenon of addiction. For substance misusing clients, any form of psychological treatment leads to better treatment outcomes compared with no psychological treatment, but there is no general consensus that one form of psychological treatment is better than another. Understand a variety of models and theories of addiction and other problems related to substance use. Many of the major theories of addiction also identify an important role of stress in addiction processes. Most patients undergo multiple therapies to address all of the causes. Sociological theories explain substance abuse as either a microlevel issue. Adolescent substance abuse is a major problem facing the world today.
Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Learning theories represent one set of psychological principles that have had a strong influence on our understanding of the causes of addiction, as well as informing some of our intervention strategies. Or on a macrolevel in which substance abuse is seen as a societal phenomenon where social, cultural and economic factors shape conditions that create the risk of substance abuse. Both psychiatric and addictive illnesses are viewed as biopsychosocial disorders. She struggles every day to try to keep herself under control, but many times, she ends up falling off the wagon and drinking to help her get through the day.
In this chapter, we discuss several theoretical explanations for drug use and abuse in society, with particular emphasis on sociological explanations. Conditioning theories hold that addiction is the cumulative result of the reinforcement of drug administration. Research has also established that there is a strong positive correlation between levels of substance abuse and violence. Twin studies also indicate an inherited risk for smoking 24. Cognitive models 2 psyc 470 introduction to chemical addictions several models past talked about classical conditioning operant conditioning social learning models this section will discuss. A series of guides, devised tofacilitate comparison and contrast of the theories, lists. Similar cluster profiles were also identified in a sample of adolescent in treatment for substance abuse. Counselors must create a new disease model within the rehabilitation practice that will improve disease prevention and intervention.
Willpower, motivation, and determination are sufficient to overcome addictions. Substance abuse among male adolescents by irene patience mohasoa dissertation submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of. Theories of addiction in attempting to explain why people become dependent on drugs, a variety of different approaches have been taken. Theories used to explain male violence against women partners and expartners theories are important, not only because they offer different explanations for the phenomenon of domestic abuse, but because each approach has clear implications for responses and interventions by practitioners and policymakers. To say that a substance is used at a level considered to be excessive by the standards of the individual or society and that reducing the level of use is. Describe the behavioral, psychological, physical health, and social effects of psychoactive substances on the person using and significant others. Substance abuse including alcoholism has now been formally recognized as a mental illness.
The continuum of use, abuse, dependance, and addiction are dependent upon the severity of of childhood trauma and family. The social context is important drug has many effects on the person user only pays attention to some aspects the user interprets the effects based on some sociological context. Social and psychological influences on emerging adult. Physical and psychological effects of substance use handout.
Theories on drug abuse selected contemporary perspectives, 30. Physical and psychological effects of substance use substance and method of use physical psychological effects alcohol alcohol abuse is a pattern of problem drinking that results in health consequences, social, problems, or both. The findings from this thesis emphasize the fact that several psychological factors are associated with substance use in adolescence. The central tenet of conditioning theories is that donegan et al. Some theories such as classical conditioning are still wellaccepted today. Substance abuse and dependence where does substance use end and abuse begin. Jun 29, 2005 by looking at drug addiction from an evolutionary perspective, we may understand its underlying significance and evaluate its threefold nature.
One of the central findings of the large body of research that has examined the psychosocial causes, or etiology, of alcohol use is that there are multiple pathways to behavior that involves. Millions of people suffer from addiction but there is no consensus on the cause of substance use disorders. Models and theories of addiction and the rehabilitation. Sociological theories of drug abuse introduction this chapter discusses sociological theories of substance use and abuse. Negative reinforcement provided one of the earliest theoretical explanations of addictive behavior. Sociological theories of substance abuse 2 psyc 470 introduction to chemical addictions background are different from other models psychology and biology focus is on the individual sociology focus is on the behavior and impact of groups 3 psyc 470 introduction to chemical addictions many models sociocultural theories. Many of these theories have not been tested or applied to every specific type of addiction. Start studying psychological theories of addiction. Keywords addiction, behavior, psychology, substance use disorder intervention. Models and theories of addiction and the rehabilitation counselor nora j. Mollie sayers helen wallenstein pearson nida research monograph 30 march 1980 department of health and human services public health service alcohol, drug abuse, and mental health administration national institute on drug abuse division of research 5600.